The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening cup on fourteen separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout win.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.